Questions for Reflexion

Module 1. Considerations on Learning Needs

  1. Who can take care of people with dementia?
  2. What factors should be considered when caring for a person with dementia with another ethnical background?
  3. What does education about caring for people with another ethnic backgrounds contribute to?
  4. What do intercultural competences mean?

 

Module 2. The story of our life

  1. What is existential continuity?
  2. How is existential continuity affected by dementia?

 

Person-centered approaches

  1. What is life history work?
  2. Describe how the view of dementia changed over the last century.
  3. What are the factors that affect each person’s condition according to the person-centered approach?
  4. What is the main objective of the care process according to the Gentlecare model?
  5. What is the prosthesis in the Gentlecare model? How do they interact with each other?

 

Dementia and life history work

  1. How can life story work support the building of a deeper relationship?
  2. Why is it important to start life story work in the early stages of dementia?
  3. How can working with life stories affect the perception of the staff towards their patients?
  4. How can working with life stories improve the relation between staff and families?

 

Life story work and multiethnicity

  1. How can life history work improve the care of people with different ethnicity? Make some examples.
  2. What are the three main things to pay attention to when working with life stories with people with different ethnicities?

 

Practical tips: a life history book

  1. Work in pair. Choose a colleague of yours and draw a table like the following:

 

Questions Expected Answer Actual Answer
Nack, surname, nickname …
Family of origin
….

 

Use the questions that you find in the questionnaire in the Module to fill in the first column. Fill in the second column with the answers that you expect.

Then interview your colleague, asking all the questions of the table. Write down the answers in the third column. At the end of the interview, compare the expected answers and the actual ones. What differences can you see?

 

  1. Group work. Discuss how you would handle the following situations in a care home. Do you think you would need some extra information about these people? Which ones? And how would you collect them?

 

  1. This elder man from Tunisia has a very mild character, but he barely eat what is cooked in the care home.
  2. This elder lady from a small Mediterranean island is always dressed in black and gets very nervous when she heard music or during celebrations.

 

  1. Group work. Each participant chooses some imagines (picking them from magazines) which they think represent themselves and what they like (at work, sport, leasure activities, interests, etc.), then makes a collage with them.

When all the participants have finished the work, the collages are put on a table. Each one chooses a collage made by another participant and tells how they would take care for the author of the collage, if they needed care. The author of the collage must not make suggestions, but at the end she/he could tell if it she/he is satisfied with the proposal.

 

Module 3. The perception of health and diseases across cultures

  1. How is dementia perceived as a disease in Eastern cultures?
  2. How is dementia perceived as a disease in Western cultures?
  3. What is Tom Kitwood’s “Human-Centered Model” based on?
  4. What aspects does the Moyra Jones Gentlecare model cover?

 

Module 4. Forms of dementia

  1. Define the term dementia
  2. Define vascular dementia
  3. Describe the psychological changes in a person with vascular dementia.
  4. Which form of dementia first becomes noticeable because of aphasia?
  5. Which form of dementia is particularly susceptible to the side effects of neuroleptic drugs?
  6. Summarise the stages of Alzheimer’s dementia
  7. Which forms of dementia involve an increased risk of falls?
  8. Which form of dementia progresses without memory problems at the beginning?
  9. Which form of dementia can be accompanied by hallucinations?
  10. What special challenges arise for people with a migrant background

who develops dementia?

  1. Name risk factors of vascular dementia
  2. What is the proportion of Parkinson’s patients who can develop dementia?
  3. Name the causes of Korsakow’s syndrome
  4. What is the nursing and care requirements for frontotemporal dementia?
  5. Name the core symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease.
  6. What happens in the late stages of Alzheimer’s disease to a person with dementia?
  7. What are the most common limitations or disorders of dementia?
  8. What may be the symptoms of frontotemporal dementia?

 

Module 5 Understanding challenging behaviour

  1. Explain the term “challenging behaviour” and describe a case from practice that you have experienced yourself.
    1. What exactly challenged you about the person’s behaviour?
    2. Describe possible feelings and the impulses of the person who “challenged” you.
    3. What feelings did the behaviour trigger in yourself?
  2. Name possible causes of “challenging behaviour“
  3. What are protective power methods?
  4. What are Personal Detractions?
  5. Explain the conflict of needs in “challenging behaviour” in your own words.
  6. Explain why people with a migration history who have dementia feel ” two times stranger” in an inpatient facility.
  7. Explain the term agitation.
  8. How can carers’ behaviour lead to “challenging behaviour” in the first place?
  9. Signs of the possibility of challenging behavior in people with dementia.
  10. What should caregivers do to avoid provocative behavior in a person with dementia?

 

Module 6. Communication with persons from another ethnic background with dementia

  1. What are the basic conditions for caring for a person with dementia?
  2. How is communication with a person with dementia established?
  3. What happens to communication if dementia progresses?
  4. What factors are observed in verbal communication with clients with dementia?
  5. What are the barriers to communicating with someone with dementia?

 

Module 7. Non-pharmacological interventions in a multicultural context

  1. The purpose of a non-pharmacological intervention?
  2. How are non-pharmacological interventions classified by function?
  3. Name the most common forms of cognitive stimulation.
  4. Ways to reduce defiant behavior in a person with dementia.
  5. Effects of puppetry on dementia.

 

Module 8. Cooperation with the relatives

  1. What is the key to communicating with relatives of people with dementia?
  2. Relatives of people with dementia believe that future predictions are ..
  3. What are the signs to look for when living with a person with dementia?
  4. Challenges for relatives in caring for a person with dementia.
  5. What is the care support for relatives of a person with dementia?

Module 9. How are intercultural competences developed and cooperation among colleges in a multicultural team

Why are intercultural competences important?

  1. Relate to and discuss the following issues
  • Where to find the people with dementia and the caregivers who need help
  • How one understands the needs and desires of people in the light of different values and traditions
  • How to establish a trusting relationship
  • How to tackle racism and discrimination (especially in health care)
  • How to deliver person-centered care
  • How to deal with the barriers associated with language and education
  • How to adapt care to religious beliefs and traditions

 

  1. What challenges do you see in the different relationship types?
  • A citizen of ethnic background and a helper with the country’s background
  • A citizen with the country’s background and a helper with a different ethnic background
  • A citizen of ethnic background and a helper from a different ethnic background who must assist on the basis of the country’s legislation

Definition of “intercultural competences”

  1. Describe “the descriptive concept of culture”
  2. Describe “the complex concept of culture”
  3. What is the significance for the citizen of the concept of culture you use?
  4. Try to make your own definition of culture

 

How are intercultural competences developed?

What does it take?

  1. How does Papadopoulos understand “cultural competences”?
  2. What parameters are included?
  3. How competent can you become?
  4. What topics should be included?

 

Communication

  1. Explain the communication process
  2. What is the difficulty of intercultural communication?
  3. What does equal communication mean?

 

Ethnocentrism, stereotypes and prejudice

  1. Explain and discuss what ethnocentrism is
  2. When can stereotypes be beneficial?
  3. When are stereotypes harmful?
  4. What stereotypes do you think other nationalities have about your country?
  5. Explain what a prejudice is.

 

Discrimination and racism

  1. Who has decided that one should not discriminate?
  2. What does it take for racism to occur?
  3. What forms of racism do you know about? Give examples

 

Cultural identity

  1. What is meant by cultural identity being “a social construct”?
  2. What is in our backpack?
  3. What are the similarities and differences in the content?

 

The citizen from a different ethnic background

  1. Come up with more good questions
  2. How can you promote intercultural competences in working with a citizen with a different ethnicity and dementia?

 

Cooperation in a multicultural team

Discuss the following in a group

  1. What is your experience in working with people with another background than your own?
  2. Find subjects where you are alike and where you differ

 

Communication

  1. Have you experienced problems in the communication with people from another background than your own?
  2. How was it expressed?
  3. How did you solve it or did you solve it?

 

Power and Hierarchy

  1. Have you experienced colleges who behaved very different from you when a leader was present?
  2. Have you experienced colleges people from another background than your own, who never speaks up or partake in a discussion
  3. How do you cope with this?

 

Different etiquette

Have you experienced differences in attitudes towards the workplace or how you work together?

 

The Affective level

  1. How does these differences make you feel?
  2. How can you investigate why people from another background than your own do as they do?
  3. How can you investigate your own feelings towards other?
  4. How does all these feelings affect the teamwork?

 

The Benefits of working in a multicultural team

  1. Can you recognize the mentioned benefits?
  2. you see more benefits?

 

General questions

  1. What are the prerequisites for intercultural understanding?
  2. What is the purpose of intercultural competence?
  3. What are the opportunities for understanding intercultural competence in the case of health problems?
  4. What should a care team do to reduce the aggression of a person with dementia?
  5. What skills can interculturally competent care staff best achieve?

 

Module 10. Organisational Development

Basic questions about the module

1) Why is it necessary to deal with issues of organisational development in order to improve the care and support of people with dementia who have a different cultural/ethnic background than their carers?

  1. which areas of the organisational structure of a care facility / care service can be involved in this development process? Give examples.

 

Procedure of the workshop

Note: This module takes place subsequently to the other modules. Thus, aspects that affect organisational development in the facilities/services concerned may already have been addressed in the previous trainings. For example, in the module “Non-pharmacological interventions”, possibilities of individual, culturally sensitive living space design or the offering of certain food and drinks could have been worked out. For example, a place for prayers should be set up and adjustments in the kitchen (possibly with external suppliers) are necessary. The workshop is now about identifying these needs for action for one’s own facility and developing initial ideas for implementation. In this context, the following questions arise, which are to be worked on in the group.

  1. For which aspects, which were addressed in the previous trainings of the modules, is there a need for change in the organisational structures in our facility / service?
  2. In which areas do the organisational structures of our organisation already support the goal of successful care for people with dementia from a different cultural / ethnic background? (Analysis of strengths)
  3. In which areas is there still a need for development? (Analysis of weaknesses)
  4. What do we have to change and what can we change in our organisation to enable the “promotion of successful care for people with dementia with a different cultural/ethnic background than their carers”?
  5. Which structures in our organisation are affected by these changes?
  6. Which persons / departments / hierarchical levels have to support and take responsibility for this process?
  7. What is our approach?
  8. What is my responsibility?
  9. What are the next steps?

 

General questions

  1. Name important day care center services for people with dementia from ethnic minority groups.
  2. What are the care challenges in identifying dementia in people from ethnic minority groups?
  3. Restrictions on access to social support services for persons with dementia.